Tables

Inputs

Model Parameters

The following table supplement the model parameter input description in Input Files.

Table 6 Model parameters for which ‘value’ can be specified by use of ’key’ in the “Models” block of the edcrop.yaml input file. Notice that ‘key’ is a case sensitive name. FPN is short for ‘floating point number’.

Key	Model parameter	Description
wbfunc		A string specifying which water balance function to use. ‘value’ must be ed or evacrop; default is ed.
stepsperday		Number of time steps per day that is used when wbfunc = ed. ‘value’ must be an integer larger than 0.
Cr	\(C_r\)	Initial capacity of root zone to hold water. FPN.
Cb	\(C_b\)	Initial capacity of subzone to hold water. FPN.
Cu	\(C_u\)	Initial capacity of upper root zone. FPN.
Vs	\(V_s\)	Initial water content of snow reservoir. FPN.
Vr	\(V_r\)	Initial water content of root zone. FPN.
Vb	\(V_b\)	Initial water content of subzone. FPN.
Ve	\(V_e\)	Initial water content of evaporation zone. FPN.
Vu	\(V_u\)	Initial water content of upper root zone. FPN.
VI	\(V_I\)	Initial content of intercepted water. FPN.
ci	\(c_i\)	Interception capacity constant. FPN.
cm	\(c_m\)	Degree day factor for snow melt. FPN.
Tm	\(T_m\)	Threshold temperature for snow melt. FPN.
ce	\(c_e\)	Evaporation factor for dry soil. FPN.
kp	\(k_p\)	Extinction coefficient. FPN.
zmax	\(z_{max}\)	Depth of simulated soil profile. FPN.
winterperiod		A list of two dates defining beginning and end of winter, respectively. See 1 and 2.
irrigationperiod		A list of two dates defining beginning and end of irrigation season, respectively. See 1 and 2.
irrigationdate		A list containing dates of forced irrigation. See 1 and 2.
irrigation		The rate for forced irrigation. FPN.
autoirrigate		A boolean specifying whether to simulate irrigation automatically. ‘value’ must be false or true; default is false.
tlim	\(t_{lim}\)	The irrigation time limit in days with respect to maturing. An integer value.
tfreq	\(t_{freq}\)	Minimum number of days between automatic irrigation. ‘value’ must be positive integer.
clim	\(c_{lim}\)	Factor limiting water content requiring automatic irrigation. FPN.
Plim	\(P_{lim}\)	Precipitation limit for automatic irrigation. FPN.
Imin	\(I_{min}\)	Minimum amount of automatic irrigation. FPN.
Imax	\(I_{max}\)	Maximum amount of automatic irrigation. FPN.
iprnd		‘value’ must be integer 1, 2, 3, or 4; default is 1. Specifies predefined list of time series variables for writing daily and yearly outputs to print files. The higher number, the more variables are output.
prlistd		Text string of time series variables for writing of daily output to print file. In the string, a space character must separate two variable names.
prlisty		Text string of time series variables for writing of yearly output to print file. In the string, a space character must separate two variable names.
plotseries		Specifies whether to make plots of simulation output. ‘value’ must be yes or no; default is no.

1. A date is given in the format %Y-%m-%d; an example using this format is 2019-12-31, where first four digits give year (2019), next two digits give month (12), and last two digits give day (31).

2. Only day and month is used, every simulated year.

Table 7 A second example of “Models” block input in edcrop.yaml file. Two model runs, named M1 and M2, will be executed.

Models:
   M1:
        wbfunc: evacrop
        winterperiod: [1900-11-02, 1901-03-02]
        irrigationperiod: [1900-04-02, 1900-09-03]
        irrigationdate: [1900-07-07, 1900-07-17, 1900-08-07, 1900-08-17]
        irrigation: 16.
        iprnd: 2
        plotseries: true
    # M2 implicitly uses the default, which is wbfunc: ed
    M2:
        stepsperday: 4
        autoirrigate: true
        tlim: 20
        tfreq: 5
        clim: .9
        Plim: 7.
        Imin: 25.
        Imax: 35.
        prlistd: Ep Ea Db

Soil types and parameters

Table 8 Predefined soil types, with oral and quantitative characterization. Valid ‘key’ type names are JB1 to JB7. Notice that ‘key’ is a case sensitive name. The soil types are from Olesen and Heidmann (2002), who used the soil classification of Madsen and Holst (1987).

Soil type Key	Soil description	Clay < 2 µm	Silt 2-20 µm	Fine sand 20-200 µm	Total sand 20-2000 µm
JB1	Coarse sandy	0-5 %	0-20 %	0-50 %	75-100 %
JB2	Fine sandy	0-5 %	0-20 %	50-100 %
JB3	Coarse sandy with clay	5-10 %	0-25 %	0-40 %	65-95 %
JB4	Fine sandy with mix of clay	10-15 %	0-30 %	40-95 %
JB5	Clayey with coarse sand	10-15 %	0-30 %	0-40 %	55-90 %
JB6	Clayey with fine sand	10-15 %	0-30 %	40-90 %
JB7	Clayey	15-25 %	0-35 %		40-85 %

Table 9 Soil parameters for which ‘value’ can be specified by use of ‘key’ in the “Soils” block of the edcrop.yaml input file. Notice that ‘key’ is a case sensitive name. FPN is short for ‘floating point number’.

Key	Model Parameter	Description
soiltype	A predefined soil type ‘key’ chosen from Table 8.	A string.
name	A descriptive name for the soil.	A string.
thf	\(θ_F\)	Plant available water content of the soil. List of four FPN’s; one value for each of four 25 cm depth intervals. (Total soil depth is 100 cm – unless the model parameter value maxz is changed.)
Ce	\(C_e\)	Capacity of evaporation zone. FPN.
kqr	\(k_{qr}\)	Drainage constant for root zone.
kqb	\(k_{qb}\)	Drainage constant for sub zone. FPN.
Kmp	\(K_{mp}\)	Maximum rate of macro-pore drainage. FPN. Only used when wbfunc = ed (see Table 6)
Cmp	\(C_{mp}\)	Water content threshold at which macro-pore drainage is initiated. FPN.
Vmprel	\(V_{mp - rel}\)	Relative water content threshold below which macro-pore drainage can occur. FPN.
Kro	\(K_{ro}\)	Maximum rate of surface runoff. FPN. Only used when wbfunc = ed (see Table 6).
thsat	\(θ_{s,1} - θ_{r,1}\)	Water content at which macro-pore flow is initiated. FPN. Only used when both wbfunc = ed (see Table 6) and soilmodel = lin. For soilmodel = mvg, thsat is calculated internally from water content values given for the top soil horizon.
horizon	name \(θ_s\) \(θ_r\) \(α\) \(n\) \(K_s\) \(I\)	Definition of soil horizon, which is a dictionary with key being name given to horizon (string) and value being a list of six Mualem – van Genuchten parameter values (FPN). Only used when both wbfunc = ed (see Table 6) and soilmodel = mvg. Definition of default horizons is in Edcrop’s SoilParameters.horizon dictionary.
soilhorizons	Name of four horizons making the soil profile.	List of four strings, where each string is the name of a soil horizon. Each horizon must either be given as input or be found in Edcrop’s SoilParameters.horizon dictionary. Definition of default soil horizons for the soil types in Table 8 is found in Edcrop’s SoilParameters.MvG_soilhorizons dictionary.
soilmodel	A string specifying which soil drainage model to use,	linear or Mualem – van Genuchten. ‘value’ must be lin or mvg; default is lin. Only used when wbfunc = ed (see Table 6).

Table 10 A second example of “Soils” block input in edcrop.yaml file. JB1 is a predefined soil to be simulated using the Mualem- van Genuchten drainage model. JB10 is a new soil type with two horizons changed from the default of the JB1 soil.

Soils:
    JB1:
        soilmodel: mvg
    JB10: soiltype: JB1
    # The following defines two new horizons
    horizon: {B_JB10: [0.3, 0.0, 0.06, 1.445, 800., -0.3], C_JB10: [0.25, 0.0, 0.06, 1.6, 1000., 1.3]}
    # The following defines the horizons of the JB10 soil
    soilhorizons: [A_JB1, B_JB1, B_JB10, C_JB10]
    soilmodel: mvg

Vegetation types and parameters

Table 11 Predefined crop or vegetation types, with characterization. Notice that ‘key’ is a case sensitive name. The first ten types are taken from Olesen and Heidmann (2002).

Type	Crop or Vegetation Description
BS	Bare soil
G1	Grass with grazing
G2	Grass for hay
WW	Winter wheat
SB	Spring barley
POT	Potato
FB	Fodder beet
SR	Spring rape
PEA	Pea
SBG	Spring barley with grass
MZ	Maize
DF	Deciduous forest
SF	Spruce forest
WL	Wetland
WM	Wet meadow

Table 12 Crop or vegetation parameters for which ‘value’ can be specified by use of ‘key’ in the “Crops” block of the edcrop.yaml input file. Notice that ‘key’ is a case sensitive name. FPN is short for ‘floating point number’.

Key	Model Parameter	Description
name	A descriptive name for the crop.	A string.
cb	\(c_b\)	Bend point for relative transpiration function. List of twelve FPN’s, one for each month.
cr	\(c_r\)	Root growth velocity during spring season. FPN.
cre	\(c_re\)	Root growth velocity during fall season. FPN.
zrv	\(z_rv\)	Root depth during winter season (for winter crop). FPN.
zrx	\(z_{max}\)	Maximum root depth. FPN.
Lm	\(L_m\)	Maximum leaf area. FPN.
Lv	\(L_v\)	Leaf area during winter (for winter crop). FPN.
Lc	\(L_c\)	Leaf area after cutting (for grass). FPN.
Lym	\(L_{ym}\)	Yellow leaf area at maturity. FPN.
So	\(S_o\)	Temperature sum for sprouting. FPN.
Sf	\(S_f\)	Temperature sum for full leaf area. FPN.
Sr	\(S_r\)	Temperature sum for beginning of maturing. FPN.
Sm	\(S_m\)	Temperature sum for end of maturing. FPN.
Soe	\(S_{oe}\)	Temperature sum for sprouting during fall (for winter crop). FPN.
Sfe	\(S_{fe}\)	Temperature sum for full leaf area during fall (for winter crop). FPN.
kcmin	\(k_{c,min}\)	Minimum crop coefficient. FPN.
kcmax	\(k_{c,max}\)	Maximum crop coefficient. FPN.
sowdate		Date of sowing. Give date as explained in 1 and 2. Not used for grass crops since they are permanent.
harvestdate		Date of harvesting. Give date as explained in 1 and 2. For crop G1, grass for grazing, this is not used since it is a permanent crop. For crop G2, grass for hay, this must be a list containing dates of cutting. For crop SBG, spring barley with grass, this must be a list with date for barley harvest, followed by date(s) of grass cutting.
autoharvest		Only for crops: a boolean specifying whether to simulate harvest automatically. Harvest will occur 7 days after Lg < 0.001. ‘value’ must be true or false; default is false.
leaflife		Only for deciduous forest: list of four dates for leaf_out_begin, leaf_out_end, leaf_loss_begin, and leaf_loss_end, respectively. Give each date as explained in 1 and 2.

1. A date is given in the format %Y-%m-%d; an example using this format is 2019-12-31, where first four digits give year (2019), next two digits give month (12), and last two digits give day (31).

2. Only day and month are used, every simulated year.

Output Variables

Table 13 Possible variables that can be daily or yearly output in respective print files. Notice that ‘key’ is a case sensitive name.

Key	Model Variable	Description
Date		Date.
T	\(T\)	Temperature.
P	\(P\)	Precipitation, total.
Pr	\(P_r\)	Precipitation falling as rain.
Ps	\(P_s\)	Precipitation falling as snow.
Pm	\(P_m\)	Water made available by snow melt.
Er	\(E_{ref}\)	Reference evapotranspiration.
Ep	\(E_p\)	Potential evapotranspiration.
Ea	\(E_a\)	Actual evapotranspiration.
Eas	\(E_{as}\)	Actual evaporation from snow reservoir.
Eae	\(E_{ae}\)	Actual evaporation from soil.
Eai	\(E_{ai}\)	Actual evaporation of intercepted water.
Eaig	\(E_{aig}\)	Actual evaporation of water intercepted on green leaves.
Eaiy	\(E_{aiy}\)	Actual evaporation of water intercepted on yellow leaves.
Eat	\(E_{at}\)	Actual transpiration.
Ept	\(E_{pt}\)	Potential transpiration.
Epe	\(E_{pe}\)	Potential evaporation not attenuated by vegetation.
Epc	\(E_{pc}\)	Potential evaporation attenuated by vegetation.
Epcg	\(E_{pcg}\)	Potential evaporation attenuated by green vegetation.
Epcy	\(E_{pcy}\)	Potential evaporation attenuated by yellow vegetation.
Dr	\(D_r\)	Drainage from root zone to sub zone.
Db	\(D_b\)	Drainage from sub zone.
Dmp	\(D_{mp}\)	Drainage from macro pores.
Dsum	\(D_{sum} = D_b + D_{mp}\)	Sum of drainage from subzone and macro pores.
Qro	\(Q_{ro}\)	Surface runoff.
I		Irrigation.
Tsum	\(S_s\)	Temperature sum driving plant growth.
L	L	Leaf area.
Lg	\(L_g\)	Green leaf area.
Ly	\(L_y\)	Yellow leaf area.
zr	\(z_r\)	Root depth.
kc	\(k_c\)	Crop coefficient.
Vsum	\(V_{sum} = V_s + V_i + V_{soil}\)	Sum of stored water.
Vdel		Change in stored water.
Vs	\(V_s\)	Water stored in snow reservoir.
Vi	\(V_i\)	Water stored by interception.
Ve	\(V_e\)	Water stored in evaporation zone.
Vu	\(V_u\)	Water stored in upper root zone.
Vr	\(V_r\)	Water stored in root zone.
Vb	\(V_b\)	Water stored in sub zone.
Vsoil	\(V_{soil}\)	Water stored in soil profile (equal to \(V_r + V_b\)).
Cu	\(C_u\)	Capacity of upper root zone to store water.
Cr	\(C_r\)	Capacity of root zone to store water.
Cb	\(C_b\)	Capacity of sub zone to store water.